Benign ovarian cysts
Introduction: The term of benign ovarian cyst encompasses several diseases ranging from a simple functional cyst associated with normal ovarian cyst to an organic potentially malignant.cyst
Circumstances of discovery of an ovarian cyst :
The ovarian cyst may be found incidentally, without any gynecological symptoms during a routine examination.A clinical examination may reveal the following signs: pelvic pain, pelvic mass, menstrual disorders, digestive disorders or during a complication Firstly we will conduct a pelvic ultrasound abdominally or transvaginalyl. The purpose of this examination is to confirm the diagnosis of an ovarian cyst and specify its characteristics.. Etiology of ovarian cysts :
Functional ovarian cyst
This is the most common ovarian tumor in women of childbearing.age The functional ovarian cyst is always benin.The functional ovarian cysts are usually asymptomatic and regress spontaneously to disappear in a few weeks. So with a functional like cyst an, ultrasound is carried out at 3 months to objectify its disappearance. In case of persistence of the cyst, its functionality must be questioned.There is now evidence that medical treatment with estrogen-progestin pills for 3 months is no more effective than no treatment.at allOrganic ovarian cyst
The development of this type of cyst is independent of the ovarian cycle. So they persist from cycle to cycleEach tissue containing an ovary can give a n organic cyst benign or malignant.We can thus distinguish the following three pathological types : - tumors of epithelial origin from the mesothelium covering the ovarian surface - The tumors, germ cell-derived from the ovarian germ. -. - The Original stromal tumors stromal derived.Thus each cell type can give a cyst malignant or benin:: -benin epithelial tumors serous cystadenoma, mucinous cystadenoma, endometrioma.- Malignant epithelial tumors: serous Cystadenocarcinoma, Mucinous Cystadenocarcinoma, enometrioide tumor, clear cell tumors, Brenner tumors .-Germ cell tumors benign mature teratoma, also called dermoid cysts.-Malignant germ cell tumors: teratoma immature, Choriocarcinoma, Dysgerminoma .- Benign stromal tumors: Fibroids and thecomas- Other: Krukenberg syndrome. Differential Diagnosis :
- Differential Diagnosis:-Ectopic pregnancy.- Hydrosalpinx..- Pyosalpinx (abscess of the fallopian tube)- Subserosal pedunculated uterine fibroid.Approach to Diagnosis::
ONLY histological examination (microscopic analysis of the cyst) provides a definitive diagnosis.After clinical and radiological examination (ultrasonography and pelvic MRI) with the CA 125 blood test marker for ovarian cancer, three cases emerge:: - Ovarian cancer clinically evident- Probably benign ovarian tumor -Suspected ovarian tumor.Probably benign ovarian tumor
It is usually young sexually active women . Simple ovarian cyst.The procedure involves differentiating a functional cyst from a n organic cyst We carry out a 3-month ultrasound.The spontaneous disappearance or from oral contraceptives confirms the diagnosis of a functional cyst.If the cyst persists, it's probably an organic cyst , it raises the need of a laparoscopy for diagnosis and therapy.Suspected ovarian tumor
Clinical and ultrasound table : Malignancy suspected in one or more of the following: menopausal patients, cyst persisting longer than 3 months, suspected cyst on ultrasound, thick walls and irregular cyst diameter> 6 cm, bilateral ovarian tumor.Procedure with surgical investigation with oophorectomy and peritoneal cytology.Ovarian cancer clinically evident
Rare situation. Surgery by midline laparotomy for diagnostic and curativeThe Complications of a tumor of the ovary: :-Adnexal torsion (ovary no longer irrigated, it is a major gynecological emergency))- Intratumoral hemorrhage- Rupture of a cyst- Compression of surrounding organs
Victor Hugo