This is a surgical approach, ie a surgical technique to access an anatomical site. You can access the same site by other means: laparotomy, on opening the abdomen or through the vagina, through natural means, for example.
How does the surgeon go about it?
Under general anesthesia, the abdomen is inflated by a gas (creation of a pneumoperitoneum), CO2, using a needle inserted through the navel in general but other sites are usable. A trocar, a hollow tube of 10 mm is inserted through the umbilicus. It is used to drag an instrument consisting of an optical fiber. A video camera captures images from inside that a cold light source illuminates. The surgeon watches on a video monitor their operation area, and not directly the patient. After a quick exploration of the abdominal cavity, other instruments are introduced by other trocars generally thinner (5 mm): scissors, tweezers, cleaning tool, for example. The intervention itself can begin.
Indications in gynecology:
By inserting a camera into the abdominal cavity, this act allows the diagnosis of many gynecological symptoms without having to open the abdomen. Diagnostic indications:-Pelvic pain.-Suspected pelvic infection.-Suspected ectopic pregnancy.-The precise nature of pelvic masses (cysts, fibroids etc. ...) discovered during a clinical examination, ultrasound or another.-Endometriosis.-The balance of sterility.Trocars placed at different locations within the abdomen can also insert instruments into the abdominal cavity and perform therapeutic surgical gestures.Indications:-Most ectopic pregnancies.-Some uterine fibroids.-Some pelvic pain.-Pelvic endometriosis.-Some tubal infertility.-Tubal sterilization-Many ovarian cysts. (Figure 2)-Hysterectomy
Does a Laparoscopy present any risks?
We must put aside the risks of general anesthesia and those related to the act itself (eg appendectomy) to address those related to laparoscopy itself.-pneumoperitoneum-its creation may switch from CO2 in the bloodstream. The anesthetist controls this setting to prevent this risk-direct insufflation gas in a vessel, which is an accident, can create air embolism-it interferes with breathing and imposes high pressure ventilation in the ventilator of the anesthesiologist, which can pose a problem in people suffering from asthma or chronic bronchitis (smokers), and obesity..-impedes the venous return of blood toward the heart, which may affect its operation if the patient suffers from heart disease-the introduction of trocars-there may be a bowel injury, vascular or urinary-This injury can be repaired by laparoscopy or require opening the abdomen- the use of electricity section and coagulation can create injury to neighboring organs operative instruments (electric burns)as in any incision, there may be some bruising or skin infections.IN PRACTICE:Here's how the intervention is carried out:-you will be hospitalized the day before or the morning of the operation;-After premedication (tranquilizer), you'll be taken to the operating room;an infusion will be put in place then you'll be put to sleep (general anesthesia)-length of stay will vary depending on the type of operation performed. For more information, ask your doctor-showers are possible immediately after the operation but it is recommended that you wait a week before taking a bath-after you return home, if pain, bleeding, fever, vomiting, or other abnormalities appear, it is essential to consult or inform your surgeon or the guard whatever time of day or night.
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Victor Hugo